Coal India is the world’s largest coal mining company and a critical pillar of India’s energy security. A state-owned Maharatna PSU, it produces over 80% of India’s coal, supplying power plants, steel mills, and industrial users. Added to Nifty 50 on 10 October 2011, Coal India’s mission is to ensure affordable and reliable energy resources for national development while promoting sustainable mining practices. With extensive reserves and integrated logistics, it underpins India’s power sector and industrial economy. The company is investing in mechanized mining, clean coal technologies, and environmental restoration to balance energy needs with ecological responsibility. Coal India’s role in employment generation and rural development adds socio-economic value beyond energy supply. As India diversifies into renewables, Coal India is also exploring mine reclamation and green energy collaborations to remain relevant in a low-carbon future while ensuring national energy independence.